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Safinya Group Publications by Subject

Safinya Group Publications by Year

Books and Book Chapters - Cytoskeleton - CL-NA Complexes - Microchannels - X-Ray Methods - XSFA
Lamellar Hydrogels from PEG-Lipids - Bacteriorhodopsin - Papers on Liquid Crystals Liquid Crystals - Lipid Membranes - Others

Also check out our Research Highlights & Selected Papers!

   

Books and Book Chapters

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  Smith, G. S.; Safinya, C. R.: Structures and Interactions in Freely Suspended Multilayer Membranes and Dilute Lamellar Fluid Membranes from Synchrotron X-Ray Scattering. In Handbook of Lipid Membranes: Molecular, Functional, and Materials Aspects, 1st ed.; Safinya, C. R.; Rädler, J. O. (Eds.); CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group: Boca Raton, 2021; pp. 33-47. DOI: 10.1201/9780429194078; ISBN (eBook): 9780429194078.    
CL-DNA   Safinya, C. R.; Ewert, K. K.; Li, Y.; Rädler, J. O.: Cationic Liposomes as Spatial Organizers of Nucleic Acids in One, Two, and Three Dimensions: Liquid Crystal Phases with Applications in Delivery and Bionanotechnology. In Handbook of Lipid Membranes: Molecular, Functional, and Materials Aspects, 1st ed.; Safinya, C. R.; Rädler, J. O. (Eds.); CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group: Boca Raton, 2021; pp. 195-209. DOI: 10.1201/9780429194078; ISBN (eBook): 9780429194078.    
Cytoskeleton papers   Chung, P. J.; Song, C.; Miller, H. P.; Li, Y.; Raviv, U.; Choi, M. C.; Wilson, L.; Feinstein, S. C.; Safinya, C. R.: Synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering and electron microscopy characterization of structures and forces in microtubule/Tau mixtures. Meth. Cell Biol. 2017, 141, 155-178. DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2017.06.002.
Part (chapter 8) of the special issue Methods in Tau Cell Biology, edited by S. C. Feinstein and N. E. LaPointe.		 View article at ScienceDirect  
Cytoskeleton papers   Best, R. L.; Chung, P. J.; Benbow, S. J.; Savage, A.; LaPointe, N. E.; Safinya, C. R.; Feinstein, S. C.: Expression and Isolation of Recombinant Tau. Meth. Cell Biol. 2017, 141, 3-26. DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2017.06.001.
Part (chapter 1) of the special issue Methods in Tau Cell Biology, edited by S. C. Feinstein and N. E. LaPointe.		 View article at ScienceDirect  
CL-DNA   Quantitative intracellular localization of cationic lipid-nucleic acid nanoparticles with fluorescence microscopy: Majzoub, R. N.; Ewert, K. K.; Safinya, C. R. in Non-Viral Gene Delivery Vectors: Methods and Protocols; Ed.: G. Candiani; Springer/Humana Press, Totowa, NJ: Methods Mol. Biol. 2016, 1445, 77-108. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3718-9_6; PMCID: 4957706. PDF preprint  
    Harvesting the Fruits of Inquiry: How Materials Discoveries Improve Our Lives. Ad Hoc Committee on Societal Benefits from Condensed Matter and Materials Research; Board on Physics and Astronomy; Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences; National Academy Press, Washington, D. C., 2014; ISBN 978-0-309-30221-0. PDF  
  Lipid-DNA Interactions: Structure-Function Studies of Nanomaterials for Gene Delivery: Ewert, K. K.; Samuel, C. E. and Safinya, C. R. in Interaction of DNA with Surfactant and Polymers, pp. 377-404; Eds.: R. Dias, B. Lindman; Blackwell, Boston, MA, 2008.
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  Non-Viral Gene Delivery with Cationic Liposome-DNA Complexes: Ewert, K. K.; Ahmad, A.; Bouxsein, N. F.; Evans, H. M. and Safinya, C. R. in Gene Therapy Protocols (3rd Ed.); Ed.: J. Le Doux; Humana Press, Totowa, NJ: Methods Mol. Biol. (Totowa, NJ, U. S.) 2008, 433, 159-175 (featured on book cover).
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-237-3_10.
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    Inspired by Biology: From Molecules to Materials to Machines. National Research Council of the National Academies, Committee Report on Biomolecular Materials and Processes; National Academy Press, Washington, D. C., 2008; ISBN 978-0-309-11704-3.    
    Biophysics and Biomolecular Materials: Safinya, C. R. in New Physics for the Twenty-first Century; Ed.: G. Fraser; Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York, 2006; ISBN 0-521-81600-9.    
    International Evaluation of Swedish Condensed Matter Physics, 2004. Vetenskapsrådets Rapportserie 12:2005; Swedish Research Council Publication, 2005; ISBN 91-7307-073-4. (available on line and also at www.vr.se/publikationer);  
  Lipoplex Structures and their Distinct Cellular Pathways: Ewert, K.; Evans, H. M.; Ahmad, A.; Slack, N. L.; Lin, A. J.; Martin-Herranz, A. and Safinya, C. R. in Non-viral Vectors for Gene Therapy (2nd Ed., Part I: Advances in Genetics, vol. 53), pp.119-155; Eds.: L. Huang, M.-C. Hung, E. Wagner; Elsevier, London, 2005.
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    Supramolecular Assembly in Biological Molecules: Safinya, C. R. in Forces, Growth and Form in Soft Condensed Matter: At the Interface between Physics and Biology; Eds.: A. Skjeltorp, A. V. Belushkin; Kluwer Academic Pubs., Netherlands, 2004.    
  Structure and structure-activity correlations of cationic lipid/DNA complexes: supramolecular assembly and gene delivery: Safinya, C. R.; Lin, A. J.; Slack, N. E. and Koltover, I. in Pharmaceutical Perspectives of Nucleic Acid-Based Therapeutics; Eds.: R. I. Mahato, S. W. Kim; Taylor & Francis, London & New York, 2002.    
    Cooperative Stewardship: Managing the Nation’s Multidisciplinary User Facilities for Research with Synchrotron Radiation, Neutrons, and High Magnetic Fields. National Research Council of the National Academies, Committee Report; National Academy Press, Washington, D. C., 1999; ISBN 0-309-06831-2.    
  Self Assembled Structures of Lipid-DNA Nonviral Gene Delivery Systems from Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction: Safinya, C. R. and Koltover, I. in Non-Viral Vectors for Gene Therapy; Eds.: L. Huang, M.-C. Hung, E. Wagner; Academic Press, San Diego, 1999.
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  Imaging Complex Fluids under Confinement and Flow: Development of Bragg-Fresnel Optics for X-Ray Microdiffraction: Li, Y.; Idziak, S. H. J.; Caine, E.; Subramanian, G.; Hu, E.; Safinya, C. R. in Dynamics in Small Confining Systems III, pp. 301-306; Eds.: J. M. Drake, J. Klafter, R. Kopelman; Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1997.    
    Membrane-Associated-Proteins: Self-Assembly, Interactions, and Biomolecular Materials: Safinya, C. R. and Shen, Y. in Physics of Biomaterials: Fluctuations, Self-Assembly, and Evolution, pp. 103-134; Eds.: T. Riste, D. Sherrington; Kluwer Academic, Amsterdam, 1996.
    
  The Application of the X-ray Surface Forces Apparatus (XSFA) to studies of Confined Complex Fluid Systems: Koltover, I.; Idziak, S. H. J.; Safinya, C. R.; Steinberg, S.; Israelachvili, J. N.; Liang, K. S. in Dynamics in Small Confining Systems, pp. 101-105; Eds.: J. M. Drake, J. Klafter, S. M. Troian, R. Kopelman; Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1995.    
Papers on Liquid Crystals   Lyotropic Lamellar Lα Phases: Roux, D.; Safinya, C. R. and Nallet, F. in Micelles, Membranes, Microemulsions and Monolayers, pp. 303-338; Eds.: A. Ben-Shaul, W. M. Gelbart, D. Roux; Springer, New York, 1994.
    
  The Structure of Complex Fluids under Flow and Confinement: Idziak, S. H. J.; Safinya, C. R.; Liang, K. S.; Israelachvili, J. N. in Structure and Flow in Surfactant Solutions; Eds.: C. A. Herb, R. K. Prud'homme; American Chemical Society, Cleveland, 1994.    
Papers on Liquid Crystals   A New Mechanism for Lubrication in Liquid Crystals: Bruinsma, R. F.; Safinya, C. R. in Dynamics in Small Confining Systems, pp. 3-9; Eds.: J. M. Drake, J. Klafter, D. D. Awshalom, R. Kopelman; Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1993.    
  Macromolecular Liquids. Eds. C. R. Safinya, S. A. Safran, P. A. Pincus; Materials Research Society Publishers, Pittsburgh, PA, 1989 (Vol. 177).    
  Rigid and Fluctuating Surfaces: A Series of Synchrotron X-ray Scattering Studies of Interacting Stacked Membranes: Safinya, C. R. in Phase Transitions in Soft Condensed Matter; Eds.: T. Riste, D. Sherrington; Plenum Press, New York and London, 1989.    
   

Cytoskeleton

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    Cho, H.; Lee, J.; Nho, H.; Lee, K.; Gim, B.; Lee, J.; Lee, J.; Ewert, K. K.; Li, Y.; Feinstein, S. C.; Safinya, C. R.; Jin, K. S.; Choi, M. C.: Synchrotron X-ray study of intrinsically disordered and polyampholytic Tau 4RS and 4RL under controlled ionic strength. Eur. Phys. J. E 2023, 46, 73. DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-023-00328-0. PDF Icon (Link to view the paper)  
  Kohl, P.; Song, C.; Fletcher, B.; Best, R. L.; Tchounwou, C.; Arceo, X. G.; Chung, P. J.; Miller, H. P.; Wilson, L.; Choi, M. C.; Li, Y.; Feinstein, S. C.; Safinya, C. R.: Complexes of tubulin oligomers and tau form an intervening network cross-bridging microtubules into bundles. bioRxiv 2022, 2022.07.18.500499. DOI: 10.1101/2022.07.18.500499. PDF icon (Link to view the paper)  
  Lee, J.; Song, C.; Lee, J.; Miller, H. P.; Cho, H.; Gim, B.; Li, Y.; Feinstein, S. C.; Wilson, L; Safinya, C. R.; Choi, M. C.: Tubulin Double Helix: Lateral and Longitudinal Curvature Changes of Tubulin Protofilament. Small 2020, 2001240. DOI: 10.1002/smll.202001240. View article (via DOI)  
    Safinya, C. R.; Chung, P. J.; Song, C.; Li, Y.; Miller, H. P.; Choi, M. C.; Raviv, U.; Ewert, K. K.; Wilson, L.; Feinstein, S. C.: Minireview - Microtubules and Tubulin Oligomers: Shape Transitions and Assembly by Intrinsically Disordered Protein Tau and Cationic Biomolecules. Langmuir 2019, 35, 15970-15978. DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02208; PMCID: 6988848. View Article via DOI  
XRD Methods   Chung, P. J.; Song, C.; Deek, J.; Miller, H. P.; Li, Y.; Choi, M. C.; Wilson, L.; Feinstein, S. C.; Safinya, C. R.: Comparison between 102k and 20k Poly(ethylene oxide) Depletants in Osmotic Pressure Measurements of Interfilament Forces in Cytoskeletal Systems. ACS Macro Lett. 2018, 7, 228-232. DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00937. View article at ScienceDirect  
Book Chapter - links to all book chapters   Chung, P. J.; Song, C.; Miller, H. P.; Li, Y.; Raviv, U.; Choi, M. C.; Wilson, L.; Feinstein, S. C.; Safinya, C. R.: Synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering and electron microscopy characterization of structures and forces in microtubule/Tau mixtures. Meth. Cell Biol. 2017, 141, 155-178. DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2017.06.002.
Part (chapter 8) of the special issue Methods in Tau Cell Biology, edited by S. C. Feinstein and N. E. LaPointe.		 View article at ScienceDirect  
Book Chapter - links to all book chapters   Best, R. L.; Chung, P. J.; Benbow, S. J.; Savage, A.; LaPointe, N. E.; Safinya, C. R.; Feinstein, S. C.: Expression and Isolation of Recombinant Tau. Meth. Cell Biol. 2017, 141, 3-26. DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2017.06.001.
Part (chapter 1) of the special issue Methods in Tau Cell Biology, edited by S. C. Feinstein and N. E. LaPointe.		 View article at ScienceDirect  
    Choi, M. C.; Chung, P. J.; Song, C.; Miller, H. P.; Kiris, E.; Li, Y.; Wilson, L.; Feinstein, S. C.; Safinya, C. R.: Paclitaxel suppresses Tau-mediated microtubule bundling in a concentration-dependent manner. Biochim. Biophys. Acta - General Subjects 2017, 1861, 3456-3463. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.09.011. View article at ScienceDirect  
    Chung, P. J.; Song, C.; Deek, J.; Miller, H. P.; Li, Y.; Choi, M. C.; Wilson, L.; Feinstein, S. C.; Safinya, C. R.: Tau mediates microtubule bundle architectures mimicking fascicles of microtubules found in the axon initial segment. Nature Communications 2016, 7, 12278. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12278 ; PMCID: 4962469 (featured in an SSRL Highlight in Feb. 2017). View article at Nature Publishing Group  
    Deek, J.; Chung, P. J.; Safinya, C. R.: Neurofilament networks: Salt-responsive hydrogels with sidearm-dependent phase behavior. Biochim. Biophys. Acta - General Subjects 2016, 1860, 1560-1569. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.03.018. View article at ScienceDirect  
Lipid Membranes   Safinya, C. R.; Chung, P. J.; Song, C.; Li, Y.; Ewert, K. K.; Choi, M. C.: The effect of multivalent cations and Tau on paclitaxel-stabilized microtubule assembly, disassembly, and structure. Adv. Colloid Interf. Sci. 2016, 232, 9-16. DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2015.11.002; PMCID: 4864139. View article at ScienceDirect  
    Chung, P. J.; Choi, M. C.; Miller, H. P.; Feinstein, H. E.; Raviv, U.; Li, Y.; Wilson, L.; Feinstein, S. L.; Safinya, C. R.: Direct force measurements reveal that protein Tau confers short-range attractions and isoform-dependent steric stabilization to microtubules. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. (PNAS Plus) 2015, 112, E6416-E6425.
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1513172112 (featured in an SSRL Highlight in Feb. 2017).		 PDF  
    Safinya, C. R.; Deek, J.; Beck, R.; Jones, J. B.; Li, Y.: Assembly of Biological Nanostructures: Isotropic and Liquid Crystalline Phases of Neurofilament Hydrogels. Ann. Rev.Cond. Matter Phys. 2015, 6, 113-136. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031214-014623. PDF  
  Ojeda-Lopez, M. A.; Needleman, D. J.; Song, C.; Ginsburg, A.; Kohl, P.; Li, Y.; Miller, H. P.; Wilson, L.; Raviv, U.; Choi, M. C.; Safinya, C. R.: Transformation of taxol-stabilized microtubules into inverted tubulin tubules triggered by a tubulin conformation switch. Nature Materials 2014, 13, 195-203. DOI: 10.1038/NMAT3858; PMCID: 3946914. PDF  
CL-NA   Safinya, C. R.; Deek, J.; Beck, R.; Jones, J. B.; Leal, C.; Ewert, K. K.; Li, Y.: Liquid crystal assemblies in biologically inspired systems. Invited article. Liq. Cryst. 2013, 40, 1748-1758. DOI: 10.1080/02678292.2013.846422; PMCID: 3927920. PDF  
  Deek, J.; Chung, P. J.; Kayser, J.; Bausch, A. R.; Safinya, C. R.: Neurofilament sidearms modulate parallel and crossed-filament orientations inducing nematic to isotropic and re-entrant birefringent hydrogels. Nature Communications 2013, 4, 2224. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3224. PDF  
  Needleman, D. J.; Ojeda-Lopez, M. A.; Raviv, U.; Miller, H. P.; Li, Y.; Song, C.; Feinstein, S. C.; Wilson, L.; Choi, M. C.; Safinya, C. R.: Ion specific effects in bundling and depolymerization of taxol-stabilized microtubules. Faraday Discussions 2013, 166, 31-45. DOI: 10.1039/C3FD00063J; PMCID: 3955895. PDF  
    Beck, R.; Deek, J.; Safinya, C. R.: Structures and interactions in bottlebrush neurofilaments: the role of charged disordered proteins in forming hydrogel networks. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 2012, 40, 1027-1031. DOI: 10.1042/BST20120101. PDF  
XRD Methods   Choi, M. C.; Raviv, U.; Li, Y.; Miller, H. P.; Needleman, D. J.; Kim, M. W.; Wilson, L.; Feinstein, S. C.; Safinya, C. R.: Synchrotron Small Angle X-Ray Scattering Quantitatively Detects Angstrom Level Changes in the Average Radius of Taxol-Stabilized Microtubules Decorated with the Microtubule-Associated-Protein Tau. J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 2011, 272, 012001. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/272/1/012001. PDF  
Lipid Membranes   Safinya, C. R.; Raviv, U.; Needleman, D. J.; Zidovska, A.; Choi, M. C.; Ojeda-Lopez, M. A.; Ewert, K. K.; Li, Y.; Miller, H. P.; Quispe, J.; Carragher, B.; Potter, C. S.; Kim, M. W.; Feinstein, S. C.; Wilson, L.: Nanoscale Assembly in Biological Systems: From Neuronal Cytoskeletal Proteins to Curvature Stabilizing Lipids. Adv. Mater. 2011, 23, 2260-2270. DOI: 10.1002/adma.201004647. (Invited Progress Report; part of a Special Issue on Materials Research at the University of California, Santa Barbara) PDF  
    Beck, R.; Deek, J.; Choi, M. C.; Ikawa, T.; Watanabe, O.; Frey, E.; Pincus, P. A.; Safinya, C. R.: Unconventional Salt-Switch from Soft to Stiff in Single Neurofilament Biopolymers.Langmuir 2010, 26, 18595-18599. DOI: 10.1021/la103655x. Link to Full Text/PDF  
    Beck, R.; Deek, J.; Jones, J. B.; Safinya, C. R.: Gel Expanded–Gel Condensed Transition in Neurofilament Networks Revealed by Direct Force Measurements. Nature Mat. 2010, 9, 40-46. PDF  
    Choi, M.C.; Raviv, U.; Miller, H.P.; Gaylord, M.R.; Kiris, E.; Ventimiglia, D.; Needleman, D.J.; Kim, M.W.; Wilson, L.; Feinstein, S.C.; Safinya, C.R.: Human Microtubule-Associated-Protein Tau Regulates the Number of Protofilaments in Microtubules: A Synchrotron X-ray Scattering Study. Biophys. J. 2009, 97, 519-527 (cover of July 22 issue). PDF  
  Hesse, H. C.; Beck, R.; Ding, C.; Jones, J. B.; Deek, J.; MacDonald, N. C.; Li, Y.; Safinya, C. R.: Direct Imaging of Aligned Neurofilament Networks Assembled Using In Situ Dialysis in Microchannels. Langmuir 2008, 24, 8397-8401 (cover of Aug 19 issue).  
    Jones, J. B.; Safinya, C. R.: Interplay between Liquid Crystalline and Isotropic Gels in Self-Assembled Neurofilament Networks. Biophys. J. 2008, 95, 823-825.  
    Ikawa, T.; Hoshino, F.; Watanabe, O.; Li, Y. L.; Pincus, P.; Safinya, C. R.: Molecular scale imaging of F-actin assemblies immobilized on a photopolymer surface. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2007, 98, 018101.  
    Raviv, U.; Needleman, D. J.; Ewert, K. K.; Safinya, C. R.: Hierarchical bionanotubes formed by the self assembly of microtubules with cationic membranes or polypeptides. Journal of Applied Crystallography 2007, 40, S83-S87. PDF icon  
    Raviv, U.; Nguyen, T.; Ghafouri, R.; Needleman, D. J.; Li, Y. L.; Miller, H. P.; Wilson, L.; Bruinsma, R. F.; Safinya, C. R.: Microtubule protofilament number is modulated in a stepwise fashion by the charge density of an enveloping layer. Biophys. J. 2007, 92, 278-287 (cover of Jan 1 issue).  
    Raviv, U.; Needleman, D. J.; Safinya, C. R.: Cationic membranes complexed with oppositely charged microtubules: hierarchical self-assembly leading to bio-nanotubes. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 2006, 18, S1271-S1279.  
    Hirst, L. S.; Pynn, R.; Bruinsma, R. F.; Safinya, C. R.: Hierarchical self-assembly of actin bundle networks: Gels with surface protein skin layers. J. Chem. Phys. 2005, 123, 104902.  
    Needleman, D. J.; Jones, J. B.; Raviv, U.; Ojeda-Lopez, M. A.; Miller, H. P.; Li, Y.; Wilson, L.; Safinya, C. R.: Supramolecular assembly of biological molecules purified from bovine nerve cells: from microtubule bundles and necklaces to neurofilament networks. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 2005, 17, S3225-S3230. DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/17/45/005.  
    Needleman, D. J.; Ojeda-Lopez, M. A.; Raviv, U.; Ewert, K.; Miller, H. P.; Wilson, L.; Safinya, C. R.: Radial compression of microtubules and the mechanism of action of taxol and associated proteins. Biophys. J. 2005, 89, 3410-3423. DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.104.057679.  
    Raviv, U.; Needleman, D. J.; Li, Y. L.; Miller, H. P.; Wilson, L.; Safinya, C. R.: Cationic liposome-microtubule complexes: Pathways to the formation of two-state lipid-protein nanotubes with open or closed ends. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2005, 102, 11167-11172.
  
    Needleman, D. J.; Ojeda-Lopez, M. A.; Raviv, U.; Miller, H. P.; Wilson, L.; Safinya, C. R.: Higher-order assembly of microtubules by counterions: From hexagonal bundles to living necklaces. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2004, 101, 16099-16103 (featured on the cover of the Nov 16 issue).
  
    Needleman, D. J.; Ojeda-Lopez, M. A.; Raviv, U.; Ewert, K.; Jones, J. B.; Miller, H. P.; Wilson, L.; Safinya, C. R.: Synchrotron X-ray diffraction study of microtubules buckling and bundling under osmotic stress: A probe of interprotofilament interactions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2004, 93, 198104. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.198104.  
    Hirst, L. S.; Safinya, C. R.: Skin layer at the actin-gel surface: Quenched protein membranes form flat, crumpled, and tubular morphologies. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2004, 93, 018101.
 
  Bouxsein, N. F.; Hirst, L. S.; Li, Y. L.; Safinya, C. R.; Abu Samah, Z.; MacDonald, N. C.; Pynn, R.: Alignment of filamentous proteins and associated molecules through confinement in microchannels. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2004, 85, 5775-5777.  
    Pelletier, O.; Pokidysheva, E.; Hirst, L. S.; Bouxsein, N.; Li, Y.; Safinya, C. R.: Structure of actin cross-linked with alpha-actinin: A network of bundles. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2003, 91, 148102 (cover of Oct 3 issue).
  
  Wong, G. C. L.; Lin, A.; Tang, J. X.; Li, Y.; Janmey, P. A.; Safinya, C. R.: Lamellar phase of stacked two-dimensional rafts of actin filaments. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2003, 91, 018103.
  
    Wong, G. C. L.; Tang, J. X.; Lin, A.; Li, Y. L.; Janmey, P. A.; Safinya, C. R.: Hierarchical self-assembly of F-actin and cationic lipid complexes: Stacked three-layer tubule networks. Science 2000, 288, 2035-2039.
  
   

Cationic Lipid–Nucleic Acid Complexes

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    Ewert, K. K.; Scodeller, P.; Simón-Gracia, L.; Steffes, V. M.; Wonder, E. A.; Teesalu, T.; Safinya, C. R.: Cationic Liposomes as Vectors for Nucleic Acid and Hydrophobic Drug Therapeutics. Pharmaceutics 2021, 13, 1365. DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091365; PMCID: 8465808. PDF Icon (Link to view the paper)  
Book chapters   Safinya, C. R.; Ewert, K. K.; Li, Y.; Rädler, J. O.: Cationic Liposomes as Spatial Organizers of Nucleic Acids in One, Two, and Three Dimensions: Liquid Crystal Phases with Applications in Delivery and Bionanotechnology. In Handbook of Lipid Membranes: Molecular, Functional, and Materials Aspects, 1st ed.; Safinya, C. R.; Rädler, J. O. (Eds.); CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group: Boca Raton, 2021; pp. 195-209. DOI: 10.1201/9780429194078; ISBN (eBook): 9780429194078.    
Papers on Liquid Crystals   Bouxsein, N. F.; Leal, C.; McAllister, C. S.; Li, Y.; Ewert, K. K.; Samuel, C. E.; Safinya, C. R.: A 3D columnar phase of stacked short DNA organized by coherent membrane undulations. Langmuir 2019, 35, 11891-11901 (alt. cover of Sept. 10 issue). DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01726; PMCID: 6743479. View Article for free via ACS Articles on Request link  
    Wonder, E. A.; Simón-Gracia, L.; Scodeller, P.; Majzoub, R. N.; Kotamraju, V. R.; Ewert, K. K.; Teesalu, T.; Safinya, C. R.: Competition of Charge-Mediated and Specific Binding by Peptide-Tagged Cationic Liposome–DNA Nanoparticles In Vitro and In Vivo. Biomaterials 2018, 166, 52-63. DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.02.052; PMCID: 5944340. Link to Just Accepted version of the paper  
    Majzoub, R. N.; Wonder, E. A.; Ewert, K. K.; Kotamraju, V. R.; Teesalu, T.; Safinya, C. R.: Rab11 and Lysotracker Markers Reveal Correlation between Endosomal Pathways and Transfection Efficiency of Surface-Functionalized Cationic Liposome–DNA Nanoparticles. J. Phys. Chem. B, 2016, 120, 6439-6453. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b04441; PMCID: 4936928. 'Just Accepted" version of article  
    Ewert, K. K.; Kotamraju, V. R.; Majzoub, R. N.; Steffes, V. M.; Wonder, E. A.; Teesalu, T.; Ruoslahti, E.; Safinya, C. R.: Synthesis of Linear and Cyclic Peptide-PEG-Lipids for Stabilization and Targeting of Cationic Liposome–DNA Complexes. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2016, 26, 1618-1623. DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.01.079; PMCID: 4775344. Link to article at Science Direct/Elsevier  
Book chapters   Quantitative intracellular localization of cationic lipid-nucleic acid nanoparticles with fluorescence microscopy: Majzoub, R. N.; Ewert, K. K.; Safinya, C. R. in Non-Viral Gene Delivery Vectors: Methods and Protocols; Ed.: G. Candiani; Springer/Humana Press, Totowa, NJ: Methods Mol. Biol. 2016, 1445, 77-108. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3718-9_6; PMCID: 4957706. PDF preprint  
  Majzoub, R. N.; Ewert, K. K.; Safinya, C. R.: Cationic liposome-nucleic acid nanoparticle assemblies with applications in gene delivery and gene silencing. Philosoph. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 2016, 374, 20150129. DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2015.0129; PMCID: 4920278. View article on the website of the Royal Society of Chemistry  
  Majzoub, R. N.; Ewert, K. K.; Jacovetty, E. L.; Carragher, B.; Potter, C. S.; Li, Y.; Safinya, C. R.: Patterned Threadlike Micelles and DNA-Tethered Nanoparticles: A Structural Study of PEGylated Cationic Liposome−DNA Assemblies. Langmuir 2015, 31, 7073-7083. DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b00993; PMCID: 4554524. PDF  
  Majzoub, R. N.; Chan, C.-L.; Ewert, K. K.; Silva, B. F. B.; Liang, K. S.; Safinya, C. R.: Fluorescence microscopy colocalization of lipid-nucleic acid nanoparticles with wildtype and mutant Rab5-GFP: A platform for investigating early endosomal events. Biochim. Biophys. Acta – Biomembranes 2015, 1848, 1308-1318. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.03.001; PMCID: 4398653. PDF  
  Safinya, C. R.; Ewert, K. K.; Majzoub, R. N.; Leal, C.: Cationic liposome–nucleic acid complexes for gene delivery and gene silencing. New J. Chem. 2014, 38, 5164-5172. DOI: 10.1039/C4NJ01314J; PMCID: 4288823. PDF  
  Chan, C.-L.; Ewert, K. K.; Majzoub, R. N.; Hwu, Y.-K.; Liang, K. S.; Leal, C.; Safinya, C. R.: Optimizing cationic and neutral lipids for efficient gene delivery at high serum content. J Gene Med. 2014, 16, 84-96. DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2762; PMCID: 4051313. MVL5 is now commercially available from Avanti Polar Lipids. PDF  
  Majzoub, R. N.; Chan, C.-L.; Silva, B. F. B.; Ewert, K. K.; Liang, K. S.; Jacovetty, E. L.; Carragher, B.; Potter, C. S.; Safinya, C. R.: Uptake and transfection efficiency of PEGylated cationic liposome–DNA complexes with and without RGD-tagging. Biomaterials 2014, 35, 4996-5005. DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.03.007; PMCID: 4032065. PDF  
    Silva, B. F. B.; Majzoub, R. N.; Chan, C.-L.; Li, Y.; Olsson, U.; Safinya, C. R.: PEGylated Cationic Liposome–DNA Complexation in Brine is Pathway-Dependent. Biochim. Biophys. Acta – Biomembranes 2014, 1838, 398-412. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.09.008; PMCID: 3891919. PDF  
Cytoskeleton   Safinya, C. R.; Deek, J.; Beck, R.; Jones, J. B.; Leal, C.; Ewert, K. K.; Li, Y.: Liquid crystal assemblies in biologically inspired systems. Invited article. Liq. Cryst. 2013, 40, 1748-1758. DOI: 10.1080/02678292.2013.846422; PMCID: 3927920. PDF  
Lipid Membranes   Leal, C.; Ewert, K. K.; Bouxsein, N. F.; Shirazi, R. S.; Li, Y.; Safinya, C. R.: Stacking of Short DNA Induces the Gyroid Cubic-to-Inverted Hexagonal Phase Transition in Lipid–DNA Complexes. Soft Matter 2013, 9, 795-804. DOI: 10.1039/C2SM27018H; PMCID: 3587977. PDF  
Lipid Membranes   Shirazi, R. S.; Ewert, K. K.; Silva, B. F. B.; Leal, C.; Li, Y.; Safinya, C. R.: Structural Evolution of Environmentally Responsive Cationic Liposome–DNA Complexes with a Reducible Lipid Linker. Langmuir 2012, 28, 10495-10503 (cover of Jul 17 issue). DOI: 10.1021/la301181b; PMCID: 3399028. PDF  
    Chan, C.-L.; Majzoub, R. N.; Shirazi, R. S.; Ewert, K. K.; Chen, Y.-J.; Liang, K. S.; Safinya, C. R.: Endosomal Escape and Transfection Efficiency of PEGylated Cationic Liposome–DNA Complexes Prepared with an Acid-Labile PEG-Lipid. Biomaterials 2012, 33, 4928-4935. DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.03.038. PMCID: 3337860. PDF  
    Safinya, C. R.; Ewert, K. K.; Leal, C.: Cationic liposome–nucleic acid complexes: liquid crystal phases with applications in gene therapy. Liq. Cryst. 2011, 38, 1715-1723. DOI: 10.1080/02678292.2011.624364; PMCID: 3390942. PDF  
    Leal, C.; Ewert, K. K.; Shirazi, R. S.; Bouxsein, N. F.; Safinya, C. R.: Nanogyroids Incorporating Multivalent Lipids: Enhanced Membrane Charge Density and Pore Forming Ability for Gene Silencing. Langmuir 2011, 27, 7691-7697. DOI: 10.1021/la200679x; PMCID: 3119580. MVL5 is now commercially available from Avanti Polar Lipids. PDF  
Papers on Liquid Crystals   Bouxsein, N. F.; Leal, C.; McAllister, C. S.; Ewert, K. K.; Li, Y.; Samuel, C. E.; Safinya, C. R.: Two-Dimensional Packing of Short DNA with Nonpairing Overhangs in Cationic Liposome–DNA Complexes: From Onsager Nematics to Columnar Nematics. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 7585-7595. DOI: 10.1021/ja202082c; PMCID: PMC3092805. PDF  
Lipid Membranes   Zidovska, A.; Ewert, K. K.; Quispe, J.; Carragher, B.; Potter, C. S.; Safinya, C. R.: Block Liposome and Nanotube Formation is a General Phenomenon of Membranes Containing Multivalent Lipids. Soft Matter 2011, 7, 8363-8369 (cover of Sep 21 issue). DOI: 10.1039/C1SM05481C; PMCID: 3374606. MVL5 is now commercially available from Avanti Polar Lipids.
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    Shirazi, R. S.; Ewert, K. K.; Leal, C.; Majzoub, R. N.; Bouxsein, N. F.; Safinya, C. R.: Synthesis and Characterization of Degradable Multivalent Cationic Lipids with Disulfide-Bond Spacers for Gene Delivery. Biochim. Biophys. Acta - Biomembranes 2011, 1808, 2156-2166. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.04.020; PMCID: 3129426. PDF  
    Leal, C.; Bouxsein, N. F.; Ewert, K. K.; Safinya, C. R.: Highly efficient gene silencing activity of siRNA embedded in a nanostructured gyroid cubic lipid matrix. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 16841-16847. DOI: 10.1021/ja1059763; PMCID: 2991473. Link to Full Text/PDF  
    Ewert, K. K.; Zidovska, A.; Ahmad, A.; Bouxsein, N. F.; Evans, H. M.; McAllister, C. S.; Samuel, C. E.; Safinya, C. R.: Cationic Lipid–Nucleic Acid Complexes for Gene Delivery and Silencing: Pathways and Mechanisms for Plasmid DNA and siRNA. Topics Curr. Chem. 2010, 296, 191-226. DOI: 10.1007/128_2010_70; PMCID: 3867951.  
Lipid Membranes   Zidovska, A.; Ewert, K. K.; Quispe, J.; Carragher, B.; Potter, C. S.; Safinya, C. R.: The effect of salt and pH on block liposomes studied by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. Biochim. Biophys. Acta - Biomembranes 2009, 1788, 1869-1876. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2009.06.013; PMCID: 2740798.  
Lipid Membranes   Zidovska, A.; Ewert, K. K.; Quispe, J.; Carragher, B.; Potter, C. S.; Safinya, C. R.: Block Liposomes: Vesicles of Charged Lipids with Distinctly Shaped Nanoscale Sphere-, Pear-, Tube-, or Rod-Segments. Meth. Enzymol. 2009, 465, 111-128. PDF  
    Zidovska, A.; Evans, H. M.; Ahmad, A.; Ewert, K. K.; Safinya, C. R.: The Role of Cholesterol and Structurally Related Molecules in Enhancing Transfection by Cationic Liposome–DNA Complexes. J. Phys. Chem. 2009, 113, 5208-5216 (cover of Apr 16 issue). PMCID: 2701310.  
    Zidovska, A.; Evans, H. M.; Ewert, K. K.; Quispe, J.; Carragher, B.; Potter, C. S.; Safinya, C. R.: Liquid Crystalline Phases of Dendritic Lipid–DNA Self-Assemblies: Lamellar, Hexagonal and DNA Bundles. J. Phys. Chem. B 2009, 113, 3694-3703 (invited issue in memory of P. G. De Gennes). PMCID: 2858692.  
  Zidovska, A.; Ewert, K. K.; Quispe, J.; Carragher, B.; Potter, C. S.; Safinya, C. R.: Block Liposomes from Curvature-Stabilizing Lipids: Connected Nanotubes, –rods or –spheres. Langmuir 2009, 25, 2979-2985 (cover of Mar 3 issue). PMCID: 2647992.  
    Farago, O.; Ewert, K. K.; Ahmad, A.; Evans, H. M.; Grønbech-Jensen, N.; Safinya, C. R.: Transitions between Distinct Compaction Regimes in Complexes of Multivalent Cationic Lipids and DNA. Biophys. J. 2008, 93, 836-846. PMCID: 2440430. MVL5 is now commercially available from Avanti Polar Lipids.  
  Lipid-DNA Interactions: Structure-Function Studies of Nanomaterials for Gene Delivery: Ewert, K. K.; Samuel, C. E. and Safinya, C. R. in Interaction of DNA with Surfactant and Polymers, pp. 377-404; Eds.: R. Dias, B. Lindman; Blackwell, Boston, MA, 2008.
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  Non-Viral Gene Delivery with Cationic Liposome-DNA Complexes: Ewert, K. K.; Ahmad, A.; Bouxsein, N. F.; Evans, H. M. and Safinya, C. R. in Gene Therapy Protocols (3rd Ed.); Ed.: J. Le Doux; Humana Press, Totowa, NJ: Methods Mol. Biol. (Totowa, NJ, U. S.) 2008, 433, 159-175 (featured on book cover).
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-237-3_10.
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    Bouxsein, N. F.; McAllister, C. S.; Ewert, K. K.; Samuel, C. E.; Safinya, C. R.: Structure and gene silencing activities of monovalent and pentavalent cationic lipid vectors complexed with siRNA. Biochemistry 2007, 46, 4785-4792. MVL5 is now commercially available from Avanti Polar Lipids.  
    Safinya, C. R.; Ewert, K.; Ahmad, A.; Evans, H. M.; Raviv, U.; Needleman, D. J.; Lin, A. J.; Slack, N. L.; George, C.; Samuel, C. E.: Cationic liposome-DNA complexes: from liquid crystal science to gene delivery applications. Philosoph. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 2006, 364, 2573-2596.
  
    Ewert, K. K.; Evans, H. M.; Zidovska, A.; Bouxsein, N. F.; Ahmad, A.; Safinya, C. R.: A columnar phase of dendritic lipid-based cationic liposome-DNA complexes for gene delivery: Hexagonally ordered cylindrical micelles embedded in a DNA honeycomb lattice. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 3998-4006.
  
    Ewert, K. K.; Evans, H. M.; Bouxsein, N. F.; Safinya, C. R.: Dendritic cationic lipids with highly charged headgroups for efficient gene delivery. Bioconjugate Chem. 2006, 17, 877-888.  
    Ahmad, A.; Evans, H. M.; Ewert, K.; George, C. X.; Samuel, C. E.; Safinya, C. R.: New multivalent cationic lipids reveal bell curve for transfection efficiency versus membrane charge density: lipid-DNA complexes for gene delivery. J. Gene Med. 2005, 7, 739-748. MVL5 is now commercially available from Avanti Polar Lipids.
  
    Ewert, K. K.; Ahmad, A.; Evans, H. M.; Safinya, C. R.: Cationic lipid-DNA complexes for non-viral gene therapy: relating supramolecular structures to cellular pathways. Expert Opin. Biol. Ther. 2005, 5, 33-53.
  
  Lipoplex Structures and their Distinct Cellular Pathways: Ewert, K.; Evans, H. M.; Ahmad, A.; Slack, N. L.; Lin, A. J.; Martin-Herranz, A. and Safinya, C. R. in Non-viral Vectors for Gene Therapy (2nd Ed., Part I: Advances in Genetics, vol. 53), pp.119-155; Eds.: L. Huang, M.-C. Hung, E. Wagner; Elsevier, London, 2005.
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    Ewert, K.; Slack, N. L.; Ahmad, A.; Evans, H. M.; Lin, A. J.; Samuel, C. E.; Safinya, C. R.: Cationic lipid-DNA complexes for gene therapy: Understanding the relationship between complex structure and gene delivery pathways at the molecular level. Curr. Med. Chem. 2004, 11, 133-149 (cover of Jan issue).
  
    Safinya, C. R.: Non-viral vectors for gene therapy and drug delivery - Preface. Curr. Med. Chem. 2004, 11.
  
    Martin-Herranz, A.; Ahmad, A.; Evans, H. M.; Ewert, K.; Schulze, U.; Safinya, C. R.: Surface functionalized cationic lipid-DNA complexes for gene delivery: PEGylated lamellar complexes exhibit distinct DNA-DNA interaction regimes. Biophys. J. 2004, 86, 1160-1168.  
    Lin, A. J.; Slack, N. L.; Ahmad, A.; George, C. X.; Samuel, C. E.; Safinya, C. R.: Three-dimensional imaging of lipid gene-carriers: Membrane charge density controls universal transfection behavior in lamellar cationic liposome-DNA complexes. Biophys. J. 2003, 84, 3307-3316.
  
    Evans, H. M.; Ahmad, A.; Ewert, K.; Pfohl, T.; Martin-Herranz, A.; Bruinsma, R. F.; Safinya, C. R.: Structural polymorphism of DNA-dendrimer complexes. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2003, 91, 075501.
  
    Ewert, K.; Ahmad, A.; Evans, H. M.; Schmidt, H. W.; Safinya, C. R.: Efficient synthesis and cell-transfection properties of a new multivalent cationic lipid for nonviral gene delivery. J. Med. Chem. 2002, 45, 5023-5029. MVL5 is now commercially available from Avanti Polar Lipids.  
  Structure and structure-activity correlations of cationic lipid/DNA complexes: supramolecular assembly and gene delivery: Safinya, C. R.; Lin, A. J.; Slack, N. E. and Koltover, I. in Pharmaceutical Perspectives of Nucleic Acid-Based Therapeutics; Eds.: R. I. Mahato, S. W. Kim; Taylor & Francis, London & New York, 2002.    
    Safinya, C. R.: Structures of lipid-DNA complexes: supramolecular assembly and gene delivery. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 2001, 11, 440-448.  
    Koltover, I.; Wagner, K.; Safinya, C. R.: DNA condensation in two dimensions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2000, 97, 14046-14051.
  
    Lin, A. J.; Slack, N. L.; Ahmad, A.; Koltover, I.; George, C. X.; Samuel, C. E.; Safinya, C. R.: Structure and structure-function studies of lipid/plasmid DNA complexes. J. Drug Targeting 2000, 8, 13-27. link to article  
    Schulze, U.; Schmidt, H. W.; Safinya, C. R.: Synthesis of novel cationic poly(ethylene glycol) containing lipids. Bioconjugate Chem. 1999, 10, 548-552.
  
    Koltover, I.; Salditt, T.; Safinya, C. R.: Phase diagram, stability, and overcharging of lamellar cationic lipid-DNA self-assembled complexes. Biophys. J. 1999, 77, 915-924.
  
  Self Assembled Structures of Lipid-DNA Nonviral Gene Delivery Systems from Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction: Safinya, C. R. and Koltover, I. in Non-Viral Vectors for Gene Therapy; Eds.: L. Huang, M.-C. Hung, E. Wagner; Academic Press, San Diego, 1999.
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  Wong, G. C. L.; Li, Y. L.; Koltover, I.; Safinya, C. R.; Cai, Z. H.; Yun, W. B.: Mesoscopic structure of DNA-membrane self-assemblies: Microdiffraction and manipulation on lithographic substrates. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1998, 73, 2042-2044.
  
    Rädler, J. O.; Koltover, I.; Jamieson, A.; Salditt, T.; Safinya, C. R.: Structure and interfacial aspects of self-assembled cationic lipid-DNA gene carrier complexes. Langmuir 1998, 14, 4272-4283.
  
    Koltover, I.; Salditt, T.; Rädler, J. O.; Safinya, C. R.: An inverted hexagonal phase of cationic liposome-DNA complexes related to DNA release and delivery. Science 1998, 281, 78-81.
  
  Li, Y.; Wong, G. C. L.; Caine, E.; Hu, E. L.; Safinya, C. R.: Structural studies of DNA cationic lipid complexes confined in lithographically patterned microchannel arrays. Int. J. Thermophys. 1998, 19, 1165-1174.
  
    Salditt, T.; Koltover, I.; Rädler, J. O.; Safinya, C. R.: Self-assembled DNA-cationic-lipid complexes: Two-dimensional smectic ordering, correlations, and interactions. Phys. Rev. E 1998, 58, 889-904.
  
    Safinya, C. R.; Koltover, I.; Rädler, J.: DNA at membrane surfaces: an experimental overview. Curr. Opin. Colloid Interf. Sci. 1998, 3, 69-77 (cover of February issue).
  
  Salditt, T.; Koltover, I.; Rädler, J. O.; Safinya, C. R.: Two-dimensional smectic ordering of linear DNA chains in self-assembled DNA-cationic liposome mixtures. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1997, 79, 2582-2585.
  
    Rädler, J. O.; Koltover, I.; Salditt, T.; Safinya, C. R.: Structure of DNA-cationic liposome complexes: DNA intercalation in multilamellar membranes in distinct interhelical packing regimes. Science 1997, 275, 810-814.
  
   

Microchannels

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Papers on Liquid Crystals   Silva, B. F. B.; Zepeda-Rosales, M.; Venkateswaran, N.; Fletcher, B. J.; Carter, L. G.; Matsui, T.; Weiss, T. M.; Han, J.; Li, Y.; Olsson, U.; Safinya, C. R.: Nematic Director Reorientation at Solid and Liquid Interfaces under Flow: SAXS Studies in a Microfluidic Device. Langmuir 2015, 31, 4361-4371. DOI: 10.1021/la5034614; PMCID: 4400036. PDF  
  Hesse, H. C.; Beck, R.; Ding, C.; Jones, J. B.; Deek, J.; MacDonald, N. C.; Li, Y.; Safinya, C. R.: Direct Imaging of Aligned Neurofilament Networks Assembled Using In Situ Dialysis in Microchannels. Langmuir 2008, 24, 8397-8401 (cover of Aug 19 issue).  
    Zuruzi, A. S.; Butler, B. C.; MacDonald, N. C.; Safinya, C. R.: Nanostructured TiO2 thin films as porous cellular interfaces. Nanotechnol. 2006, 17, 531-535.  
    Choi, M. C.; Santangelo, C. D.; Pelletier, O.; Kim, J. H.; Kwon, S. Y.; Wen, Z.; Li, Y.; Pincus, P. A.; Safinya, C. R.; Kim, M. W.: Direct observation of biaxial confinement of a semiflexible filament in a channel. Macromolecules 2005, 38, 9882-9884.
  
    Hirst, L. S.; Parker, E. R.; Abu-Samah, Z.; Li, Y.; Pynn, R.; MacDonald, N. C.; Safinya, C. R.: Microchannel systems in titanium and silicon for structural and mechanical studies of aligned protein self-assemblies. Langmuir 2005, 21, 3910-3914.  
    Choi, M. C.; Pfohl, T.; Wen, Z. Y.; Li, Y. L.; Kim, M. W.; Israelachvili, J. N.; Safinya, C. R.: Ordered patterns of liquid crystal toroidal defects by microchannel confinement. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2004, 101, 17340-17344 (featured on the cover of the Dec 14 issue).
  
  Bouxsein, N. F.; Hirst, L. S.; Li, Y. L.; Safinya, C. R.; Abu Samah, Z.; MacDonald, N. C.; Pynn, R.: Alignment of filamentous proteins and associated molecules through confinement in microchannels. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2004, 85, 5775-5777.  
    Pfohl, T.; Li, Y.; Kim, J. H.; Wen, Z.; Wong, G. C. L.; Koltover, I.; Kim, M. W.; Safinya, C. R.: Biological polyelectrolyte complexes in solution and confined on patterned surfaces. Colloids and Surfaces A-Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 2002, 198, 613-623.  
    Li, Y.; Pfohl, T.; Kim, J. H.; Yasa, M.; Wen, Z.; Kim, M. W.; Safinya, C. R.: Selective Surface Modification in Silicon Micro-fluidic Channels for Micro-manipulation of Biological Macromolecules. Biomed. Microdevices 2001, 3, 239-244.    
    Pfohl, T.; Kim, J. H.; Yasa, M.; Miller, H. P.; Wong, G. C. L.; Bringezu, F.; Wen, Z.; Wilson, L.; Kim, M. W.; Li, Y.; Safinya, C. R.: Controlled modification of microstructured silicon surfaces for confinement of biological macromolecules and liquid crystals. Langmuir 2001, 17, 5343-5351.
  
  Wong, G. C. L.; Li, Y. L.; Koltover, I.; Safinya, C. R.; Cai, Z. H.; Yun, W. B.: Mesoscopic structure of DNA-membrane self-assemblies: Microdiffraction and manipulation on lithographic substrates. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1998, 73, 2042-2044.
  
  Li, Y.; Wong, G. C. L.; Caine, E.; Hu, E. L.; Safinya, C. R.: Structural studies of DNA cationic lipid complexes confined in lithographically patterned microchannel arrays. Int. J. Thermophys. 1998, 19, 1165-1174.
  
   

X-Ray Methods

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Cytoskeleton   Chung, P. J.; Song, C.; Deek, J.; Miller, H. P.; Li, Y.; Choi, M. C.; Wilson, L.; Feinstein, S. C.; Safinya, C. R.: Comparison between 102k and 20k Poly(ethylene oxide) Depletants in Osmotic Pressure Measurements of Interfilament Forces in Cytoskeletal Systems. ACS Macro Lett. 2018, 7, 228-232. DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00937. View article at ScienceDirect  
    Case, R.; Schollmeyer, H.; Kohl, P.; Sirota, E. B.; Pynn, R.; Ewert, K. K.; Safinya, C. R.; Li, Y.: Hydration forces between aligned DNA helices undergoing B to A conformational change: in-situ x-ray fiber diffraction studies in a humidity and temperature controlled environment. J. Struct. Biol., 2017, 283-292. DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2017.07.003. Download accepted manuscript  
Cytoskeleton   Choi, M. C.; Raviv, U.; Li, Y.; Miller, H. P.; Needleman, D. J.; Kim, M. W.; Wilson, L.; Feinstein, S. C.; Safinya, C. R.: Synchrotron Small Angle X-Ray Scattering Quantitatively Detects Angstrom Level Changes in the Average Radius of Taxol-Stabilized Microtubules Decorated with the Microtubule-Associated-Protein Tau. J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 2011, 272, 012001. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/272/1/012001. PDF  
    Safinya, C. R.; Li, Y.: Bundling with X-rays, Science 2010, 327, 529-530 (Perspective article). DOI: 10.1126/science.1185868. PDF  
    Belman, N.; Israelachvili, J.N.; Li, Y.; Safinya, C.R.; Bernstein, J.; Golan, Y.: The Temperature-Dependent Structure of Alkylamines and Their Corresponding Alkylammonium-Alkylcarbamates. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 9107-9113. PDF  
    Belman, N.; Israelachvili, J.N.; Li, Y.; Safinya, C.R.; Bernstein, J.; Golan, Y.: Reaction of Alkylamine Surfactants with Carbon Dioxide: Relevance to Nanocrystal Synthesis. Nano Lett. 2009, 9, 2088-2093. PDF  
 

Li, Y.; Beck, R.; Huang, T.; Choi, M. C.; Divinagracia, M.: Scatterless hybrid metal-single-crystal slit for small-angle X-ray scattering and high-resolution X-ray diffraction. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 2008, 41, 1134-1139. DOI: 10.1107/S0021889808031129.

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    Li, Y. L.; Yasa, M.; Pelletier, O.; Safinya, C. R.; Caine, E.; Hu, E. E.; Fernandez, P.: Metal layer Bragg-Fresnel lenses for diffraction focusing of hard x-rays. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2003, 82, 2538-2540.  
    Li, Y.; Wong, G. C. L.; Case, R.; Safinya, C. R.; Caine, E.; Hu, E.; Fernandez, P.: Characterizing the hard x-ray diffraction properties of a GaAs linear Bragg-Fresnel lens. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2000, 77, 313-315.
  
    Li, Y. L.; Wong, G. C. L.; Safinya, C. R.; Caine, E.; Hu, E. L.; Haeffner, D.; Fernandez, P.; Yun, W. B.: Bragg-Fresnel optics for hard x-ray microscopy: Development of fabrication process and x-ray characterization at the Advanced Photon Source. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 1998, 69, 2844-2848.  
    Caine, E. J.; Shi, S.; Hu, E. L.; Li, Y.; Idziak, S. H. J.; Subramanian, G.; Safinya, C. R.: Fabrication and characterization of III-V compound semiconductor Bragg-Fresnel lenses for hard X-ray microfocusing. Microelectron. Eng. 1997, 35, 289-292.
  
  Imaging Complex Fluids under Confinement and Flow: Development of Bragg-Fresnel Optics for X-Ray Microdiffraction: Li, Y.; Idziak, S. H. J.; Caine, E.; Subramanian, G.; Hu, E.; Safinya, C. R. in Dynamics in Small Confining Systems III, pp. 301-306; Eds.: J. M. Drake, J. Klafter, R. Kopelman; Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1997.    
    Plano, R. J.; Safinya, C. R.; Sirota, E. B.; Wenzel, L. J.: X-Ray Couette Shear Cell for Nonequilibrium Structural Studies of Complex Fluids under Flow. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 1993, 64, 1309-1318.
  
  Sirota, E. B.; Smith, G. S.; Safinya, C. R.; Plano, R. J.; Clark, N. A., X-ray Scattering Studies of Aligned Stacked Surfactant Membranes. Science 1988, 242, 1406-1409.  
  Smith, G. S.; Safinya, C. R.; Roux, D.; Clark, N. A., X-ray Study of Freely Suspended Films of a Multilamellar Lipid System. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1987, 144, 235-255.    
   

XSFA (X-Ray Surface Forces Apparatus)

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    Gourdon, D.; Yasa, M.; Alig, A. R. G.; Li, Y. L.; Safinya, C. R.; Israelachvili, J. N.: Mechanical and structural properties of BaCrO4 nanorod films under confinement and shear. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2004, 14, 238-242.
  
    Golan, Y.; Seitz, M.; Luo, C.; Martin-Herranz, A.; Yasa, M.; Li, Y. L.; Safinya, C. R.; Israelachvili, J.: The x-ray surface forces apparatus for simultaneous x-ray diffraction and direct normal and lateral force measurements. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 2002, 73, 2486-2488.
  
    Li, Y.; Golan, Y.; Martin-Herranz, A.; Pelletier, O.; Yasa, M.; Israelachivili, J. N.; Safinya, C. R.: In situ X-ray diffraction studies of a multilayered membrane fluid under confinement and shear. Int. J. Thermophys. 2001, 22, 1175-1184.
  
    Golan, Y.; Martin-Herranz, A.; Li, Y.; Safinya, C. R.; Israelachvili, J.: Direct observation of shear-induced orientational phase coexistence in a lyotropic system using a modified X-ray surface forces apparatus. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2001, 86, 1263-1266.
  
    Koltover, I.; Idziak, S. H. J.; Davidson, P.; Li, Y.; Safinya, C. R.; Ruths, M.; Steinberg, S.; Israelachvili, J. N.: Alignment of complex fluids under confinement and flow. J. Phys. II 1996, 6, 893-907.
  
    Idziak, S. H. J.; Koltover, I.; Israelachvili, J. N.; Safinya, C. R.: Structure in a confined smectic liquid crystal with competing surface and sample elasticities. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1996, 76, 1477-1480.
  
    Idziak, S. H. J.; Koltover, I.; Davidson, P.; Ruths, M.; Li, Y. L.; Israelachvili, J. N.; Safinya, C. R.: Structure under confinement in a smectic - A and lyotropic surfactant hexagonal phase. Physica B 1996, 221, 289-295.  
  The Application of the X-ray Surface Forces Apparatus (XSFA) to studies of Confined Complex Fluid Systems: Koltover, I.; Idziak, S. H. J.; Safinya, C. R.; Steinberg, S.; Israelachvili, J. N.; Liang, K. S. in Dynamics in Small Confining Systems, pp. 101-105; Eds.: J. M. Drake, J. Klafter, S. M. Troian, R. Kopelman; Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1995.    
    Idziak, S. H. J.; Koltover, I.; Liang, K. S.; Israelachvili, J. N.; Safinya, C. R.: Study of Flow in a Smectic Liquid-Crystal in the X-Ray Surface Forces Apparatus. Int. J. Thermophys. 1995, 16, 299-307.
  
  Idziak, S. H. J.; Safinya, C. R.; Hill, R. S.; Kraiser, K. E.; Ruths, M.; Warriner, H. E.; Steinberg, S.; Liang, K. S.; Israelachvili, J. N.: The X-Ray Surface Forces Apparatus - Structure of a Thin Smectic Liquid-Crystal Film under Confinement. Science 1994, 264, 1915-1918.
  
  The Structure of Complex Fluids under Flow and Confinement: Idziak, S. H. J.; Safinya, C. R.; Liang, K. S.; Israelachvili, J. N. in Structure and Flow in Surfactant Solutions; Eds.: C. A. Herb, R. K. Prud'homme; American Chemical Society, Cleveland, 1994.    
   

Lamellar Hydrogels from PEG-Lipids

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Lipid Membranes   Liu, C.; Ewert, K. K.; Wonder, E.; Kohl, P.; Li, Y.; Qiao, W.; Safinya, C. R.: Reversible Control of Spacing in Charged Lamellar Membrane Hydrogels by Hydrophobically Mediated Tethering with Symmetric and Asymmetric Double-End-Anchored Poly(ethylene glycol)s. ACS Appl. Mat. Interf. 2018, 10, 44152-44162. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b16456; PMCID: 6485416. View article at ACS Publications  
    Slack, N. L.; Davidson, P.; Chibbaro, M. A.; Jeppesen, C.; Eiselt, P.; Warriner, H. E.; Schmidt, H. W.; Pincus, P.; Safinya, C. R.: The bridging conformations of double-end anchored polymer-surfactants destabilize a hydrogel of lipid membranes. J. Chem. Phys. 2001, 115, 6252-6257.
  
    Warriner, H. E.; Keller, S. L.; Idziak, S. H. J.; Slack, N. L.; Davidson, P.; Zasadzinski, J. A.; Safinya, C. R.: The influence of polymer molecular weight in lamellar gels based on PEG-lipids. Biophys. J. 1998, 75, 272-293.
  
    Slack, N. L.; Schellhorn, M.; Eiselt, P.; Chibbaro, M. A.; Schulze, U.; Warriner, H. E.; Davidson, P.; Schmidt, H. W.; Safinya, C. R.: Synthesis and phase behavior of new amphiphilic PEG-based triblock copolymers as gelling agents for lamellar liquid crystalline phases. Macromolecules 1998, 31, 8503-8508.
  
    Warriner, H. E.; Davidson, P.; Slack, N. L.; Schellhorn, M.; Eiselt, P.; Idziak, S. H. J.; Schmidt, H. W.; Safinya, C. R.: Lamellar biogels comprising fluid membranes with a newly synthesized class of polyethylene glycol-surfactants. J. Chem. Phys. 1997, 107, 3707-3722.
  
  Keller, S. L.; Warriner, H. E.; Safinya, C. R.; Zasadzinski, J. A.: Direct observation of a defect-mediated viscoelastic transition in a hydrogel of lipid membranes and polymer lipids. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1997, 78, 4781-4784.
  
    Warriner, H. E.; Idziak, S. H. J.; Slack, N. L.; Davidson, P.; Safinya, C. R.: Lamellar biogels: Fluid-membrane-based hydrogels containing polymer lipids. Science 1996, 271, 969-973.
  
   

Bacteriorhodopsin

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    Koltover, I.; Raedler, J. O.; Salditt, T.; Rothschild, K. J.; Safinya, C. R.: Phase behavior and interactions of the membrane-protein bacteriorhodopsin. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1999, 82, 3184-3187.  
  Koltover, I.; Salditt, T.; Rigaud, J. L.; Safinya, C. R.: Stacked 2D crystalline sheets of the membrane-protein bacteriorhodopsin: A specular and diffuse reflectivity study. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1998, 81, 2494-2497.
  
    Shen, Y.; Safinya, C. R.; Liang, K. S.; Ruppert, A. F.; Rothschild, K. J.: Stabilization of the Membrane-Protein Bacteriorhodopsin to 140-Degrees-C in 2-Dimensional Films. Nature 1993, 366, 48-50.
  
   

Papers on Liquid Crystals Liquid Crystals

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CL-DNA   Bouxsein, N. F.; Leal, C.; McAllister, C. S.; Li, Y.; Ewert, K. K.; Samuel, C. E.; Safinya, C. R.: A 3D columnar phase of stacked short DNA organized by coherent membrane undulations. Langmuir 2019, 35, 11891-11901 (alt. cover of Sept. 10 issue). DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01726; PMCID: 6743479. View Article for free via ACS Articles on Request link  
    Yamaguchi, N.; Anraku, S.; Paineau, E.; Safinya, C. R.; Davidson, P.; Laurent J. Michot, L. J.; Miyamoto, N.: Swelling Inhibition of Liquid Crystalline Colloidal Montmorillonite and Beidellite Clays by DNA. Scientific Reports 2018, 8, 4367. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22386-7. PDF  
  Silva, B. F. B.; Zepeda-Rosales, M.; Venkateswaran, N.; Fletcher, B. J.; Carter, L. G.; Matsui, T.; Weiss, T. M.; Han, J.; Li, Y.; Olsson, U.; Safinya, C. R.: Nematic Director Reorientation at Solid and Liquid Interfaces under Flow: SAXS Studies in a Microfluidic Device. Langmuir 2015, 31, 4361-4371. DOI: 10.1021/la5034614; PMCID: 4400036. PDF  
CL-NA   Bouxsein, N. F.; Leal, C.; McAllister, C. S.; Ewert, K. K.; Li, Y.; Samuel, C. E.; Safinya, C. R.: Two-Dimensional Packing of Short DNA with Nonpairing Overhangs in Cationic Liposome–DNA Complexes: From Onsager Nematics to Columnar Nematics. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 7585-7595. DOI: 10.1021/ja202082c; PMCID: PMC3092805. PDF  
    Lei, N.; Safinya, C. R.; Roux, D.; Liang, K. S.: Synchrotron x-ray-scattering studies on the sodium dodecyl sulfate-water-pentanol-dodecane L-3 sponge phase. Phys. Rev. E 1997, 56, 608-613.
  
  Lyotropic Lamellar Lα Phases: Roux, D.; Safinya, C. R. and Nallet, F. in Micelles, Membranes, Microemulsions and Monolayers, pp. 303-338; Eds.: A. Ben-Shaul, W. M. Gelbart, D. Roux; Springer, New York, 1994.
    
    Safinya, C. R.; Sirota, E. B.; Bruinsma, R. F.; Jeppesen, C.; Plano, R. J.; Wenzel, L. J.: Structure of Membrane Surfactant and Liquid-Crystalline Smectic Lamellar Phases under Flow. Science 1993, 261, 588-591.
  
  A New Mechanism for Lubrication in Liquid Crystals: Bruinsma, R. F.; Safinya, C. R. in Dynamics in Small Confining Systems, pp. 3-9; Eds.: J. M. Drake, J. Klafter, D. D. Awshalom, R. Kopelman; Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1993.    
    Willis, P. C.; Clark, N. A.; Xue, J. Z.; Safinya, C. R.: Local Layer Structure of the Steep Field Line Defect in Surface-Stabilized Ferroelectric Liquid-Crystal Cells. Liq. Cryst. 1992, 12, 891-904.
    
    Willis, P. C.; Clark, N. A.; Safinya, C. R.: Molecular Director and Layer Response of Chevron Surface Stabilized Ferroelectric Liquid-Crystals to Low Electric-Field. Liq. Cryst. 1992, 11, 581-592.    
    Safinya, C. R.; Sirota, E. B.; Plano, R. J., The Nematic to Smectic-A Transition under Shear Flow: A Nonequilibrium Synchrotron X-ray Study. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1991, 66, 1986-1989.  
    Bruinsma, R. F.; Safinya, C. R.: Landau Theory of the Nematic to Smectic-A Phase Transition Under Shear Flow. Phys. Rev. A 1991, 43, 5377-5404.  
  Roux, D.; Safinya, C. R.: A Synchrotron X-ray study of Competing Undulation and Electrostatic Interlayer Interactions in Fluid Multimembrane Lyotropic Phases. J. Phys. (Paris) 1988, 49, 307-318.    
    Ocko, B. M.; Pershan, P. S.; Safinya, C. R.; Chiang, L. Y., Incommensurate Smectic Order at the Free Surface in the Nematic Phase of DB7NO2. Phys. Rev. A 1987, 35, 1868-1872.  
    Rieker, T. P.; Clark, N. A.; Smith, G. S.; Parmar, D. S.; Sirota, E. B.; Safinya, C. R.: "Chevron" Local Layer Structure in Surface Stabilized Ferroelectric Smectic C Cells. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1987, 59, 2658-2661.  
    Safinya, C. R.; Varady, W. A.; Chiang, L. Y.; Dimon, P., X-ray Study of the Nematic Phase and Smectic-A1-Smectic-A(antiphase) Phase Transition in Heptylphenyl nitrobenzoyloxybenzoate (DB7NO2). Phys. Rev. Lett. 1986, 57, 432-435.  
    Safinya, C. R.; Liang, K. S.; Varady, W. A.; Clark, N. A.; Andersson, G., Synchroton X-ray Study of the Orientational Ordering D2-D1 Structural Phase Transition of Freely Suspended Discotic Strands in Triphenylene-Hexa-dodecanoate. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1984, 53, 1172-1175.  
    Garland, C. W.; Meichle, M.; Ocko, B. M.; Kortan, A. R.; Safinya, C. R.; Yu, L. J.; Litster, J. D.; Birgeneau, R. J., Critical Behavior at the Nematic-Smectic-A Transition in Butyloxygenzylidene Heptylkaniline (40.7). Phys. Rev. A 1983, 27, 3234-3240.  
    Safinya, C. R.; Martinezmiranda, L. J.; Kaplan, M.; Litster, J. D.; Birgeneau, R. J., High Resolution X-ray Scattering Study of the Nematic to Smectic-C Transitions in 8S5/7S5 Mixtures. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1983, 50, 56-59.  
    Safinya, C. R.; Birgeneau, R. J.; Litster, J. D.; Neubert, M. E., Critical Fluctuations Near a Nematic-Smectic-A-Smectic-C Multicritical Point. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1981, 47, 668-671.  
    Safinya, C. R.; Kaplan, M.; Alsnielsen, J.; Birgeneau, R. J.; Davidov, D.; Litster, J. D.; Johnson, D. L.; Neubert, M. E., High Resolution X-ray Study of A Smectic-A-Smectic-C Phase Transition. Phys. Rev. B 1980, 21, 4149-4153.  
  Alsnielsen, J.; Litster, J. D.; Birgeneau, R. J.; Kaplan, M.; Safinya, C. R.; Lindegaardandersen, A.; Mathiesen, S., Observation of Algebraic Decay of Positional Order in a Smectic Liquid Crystal. Phys. Rev. B 1980, 22, 312-320.  
    Davidov, D.; Safinya, C. R.; Kaplan, M.; Dana, S. S.; Schaetzing, R.; Birgeneau, R. J.; Litster, J. D., High-Resolution X-Ray and Light Scattering Study of Critical Behavior Associated with the Nematic-Smectic-A Transition in 4-cyano-4'-octylbiphenyl. Phys. Rev. B 1979, 19, 1657-1663.  
   

Lipid Membranes

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    Steffes, V. M.; MacDonald, S.; Crowe, J.; Murali, M.; Ewert, K. K.; Li, Y.; Safinya, C. R.: Lipids with negative spontaneous curvature decrease the solubility of the cancer drug paclitaxel in liposomes. Eur. Phys. J. E 2023, 46, 128. DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-023-00388-2. PDF icon (Link to view the paper)  
    Steffes, V. M.; Zhang, Z.; Ewert, K. K.; Safinya, C. R.: Cryo-TEM Reveals the Influence of Multivalent Charge and PEGylation on Shape Transitions in Fluid Lipid Assemblies: From Vesicles to Disks, Rods, and Spheres. Langmuir 2023, 39, 18424-18436.. DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02664. PDF Icon (Link to view the paper)  
    Simón-Gracia, L.; Scodeller, P. D.; Fisher, W. S.; Sidorenko, V.; Steffes, V. M.; Ewert, K. K.; Safinya, C. R.; Teesalu, T.: Paclitaxel-Loaded Cationic Fluid Lipid Nanodiscs and Liposomes with Brush-Conformation PEG Chains Penetrate Breast Tumors and Trigger Caspase-3 Activation. ACS Appl. Mat. Interf. 2022, 14, 56613-56622. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17961; PMCID: 9879205. PDF Icon (Link to view the paper)  
    Fisher, W. S.; Tchounwou, C.; Wei, S.; Roberts, L.; Ewert, K. K.; Safinya, C. R.: Exosomes are secreted at similar densities by M21 and PC3 human cancer cells and show paclitaxel solubility. Biochim. Biophys. Acta - Biomembranes 2022, 1864, 183841. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183841; PMCID: 8896395. PDF Icon (Link to view the paper)  
    Safinya, C. R.; Rädler, J. O. (Eds.): Handbook of Lipid Membranes: Molecular, Functional, and Materials Aspects. 1st ed.; CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group: Boca Raton, 2021. DOI: 10.1201/9780429194078; ISBN: 978-1-466-55572-3 (hardcover), 978-1-032-01441-8 (paperback), 978-0-429-19407-8 (eBook). Book Cover PDF icon  
Book Chapters Icon   Smith, G. S.; Safinya, C. R.: Structures and Interactions in Freely Suspended Multilayer Membranes and Dilute Lamellar Fluid Membranes from Synchrotron X-Ray Scattering. In Handbook of Lipid Membranes: Molecular, Functional, and Materials Aspects, 1st ed.; Safinya, C. R.; Rädler, J. O. (Eds.); CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group: Boca Raton, 2021; pp. 33-47. DOI: 10.1201/9780429194078; ISBN (eBook): 9780429194078.    
    Zhen, Y.; Ewert, K. K.; Fisher, W. S.; Steffes, V. M.; Li, Y.; Safinya, C. R.: Paclitaxel loading in cationic liposome vectors is enhanced by replacement of oleoyl with linoleoyl tails with distinct lipid shapes. Scientific Reports 2021, 11, 7311. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86484-9; PMCID: 8012651. View Article for free at <em>Nature</em> Website  
    Wonder, E.; Ewert, K. K.; Liu, C.; Steffes, V. M.; Kwak, J.; Qahar, V.; Majzoub, R. N.; Zhang, Z.; Carragher, B.; Potter, C. S.; Li, Y.; Qiao, W.; Safinya, C. R.: Assembly of Building Blocks by Double-End-Anchored Polymers in the Dilute Regime Mediated by Hydrophobic Interactions at Controlled Distances. ACS Appl. Mat. Interf. 2020, 12, 45728-45743. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10972; PMCID: 7671076. View Article for free at ACS Publications Website  
    Steffes, V. M.; Zhang, Z.; MacDonald, S.; Crowe, J.; Ewert, K. K.; Carragher, B.; Potter, C. S.; Safinya, C. R.: PEGylation of paclitaxel-loaded cationic liposomes drives steric stabilization of bicelles and vesicles thereby enhancing delivery and cytotoxicity to human cancer cells. ACS Appl. Mat. Interf. 2020, 12, 151-162. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16150; PMCID: 6984750. View article (Just Accepted version)  
    Liu, C.; Ewert, K. K.; Yao, W.; Wang, N.; Li, Y.; Safinya, C. R.; Qiao, W.: A multifunctional lipid incorporating active targeting and dual-control release capabilities for precision drug delivery. ACS Appl. Mat. Interf. 2020, 12, 70-85. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b14470. View article (Just Accepted version)  
    Liu, C.; Ewert, K. K.; Wang, N.; Li, Y.; Safinya, C. R.; Qiao, W.: A multifunctional lipid that forms contrast-agent liposomes with dual-control release capabilities for precise MRI-guided drug delivery. Biomaterials 2019, 221, 119412. DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119412. View article  
PEG-lipid hydrogels   Liu, C.; Ewert, K. K.; Wonder, E.; Kohl, P.; Li, Y.; Qiao, W.; Safinya, C. R.: Reversible Control of Spacing in Charged Lamellar Membrane Hydrogels by Hydrophobically Mediated Tethering with Symmetric and Asymmetric Double-End-Anchored Poly(ethylene glycol)s. ACS Appl. Mat. Interf. 2018, 10, 44152-44162. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b16456; PMCID: 6485416. View article at ACS Publications  
    Fang, H.; Liu, C.; Liu, C.; Zhao, Z.; Safinya, C. R.; Qiao, W.: Gd-DTPA-dialkylamine derivatives: Synthesis and self-assembled behaviors for T1-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and drug carriers. J. Mol. Liq. 2018, 268, 77-86. DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.07.004. View article at ScienceDirect  
    Steffes, V. M.; Murali, M. M.; Park, Y.; Fletcher, B. J.; Ewert, K. K.; Safinya, C. R.: Distinct solubility and cytotoxicity regimes of paclitaxel-loaded cationic liposomes at low and high drug content revealed by kinetic phase behavior and cancer cell viability studies. Biomaterials, 2017, 145, 242-255. DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.08.026; PMCID: 5610109. Article at Elsevier  
Cytoskeleton papers   Safinya, C. R.; Chung, P. J.; Song, C.; Li, Y.; Ewert, K. K.; Choi, M. C.: The effect of multivalent cations and Tau on paclitaxel-stabilized microtubule assembly, disassembly, and structure. Adv. Colloid Interf. Sci. 2016, 232, 9-16. DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2015.11.002; PMCID: 4864139. View article at ScienceDirect  
CL-NA   Leal, C.; Ewert, K. K.; Bouxsein, N. F.; Shirazi, R. S.; Li, Y.; Safinya, C. R.: Stacking of Short DNA Induces the Gyroid Cubic-to-Inverted Hexagonal Phase Transition in Lipid–DNA Complexes. Soft Matter 2013, 9, 795-804. DOI: 10.1039/C2SM27018H; PMCID: 3587977. PDF  
    Safinya, C. R.; Ewert, K. K.: Materials chemistry: Liposomes derived from molecular vases. Nature 2012, 489, 372-374 (News & Views article). DOI: 10.1038/489372b. PDF  
CL-DNA   Shirazi, R. S.; Ewert, K. K.; Silva, B. F. B.; Leal, C.; Li, Y.; Safinya, C. R.: Structural Evolution of Environmentally Responsive Cationic Liposome–DNA Complexes with a Reducible Lipid Linker. Langmuir 2012, 28, 10495-10503 (cover of Jul 17 issue). DOI: 10.1021/la301181b; PMCID: 3399028. PDF  
    Belman, N.; Israelachvili, J. N.; Li, Y.; Safinya, C. R.; Ezersky,  V.; Rabkin, A.;  Sima, O.; Golan, Y.: Hierarchical Superstructure of Alkylamine-Coated ZnS Nanoparticle Assemblies. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2011, 13, 4974-4979. DOI: 10.1039/C0CP00999G. PDF  
Cytoskeleton   Safinya, C. R.; Raviv, U.; Needleman, D. J.; Zidovska, A.; Choi, M. C.; Ojeda-Lopez, M. A.; Ewert, K. K.; Li, Y.; Miller, H. P.; Quispe, J.; Carragher, B.; Potter, C. S.; Kim, M. W.; Feinstein, S. C.; Wilson, L.: Nanoscale Assembly in Biological Systems: From Neuronal Cytoskeletal Proteins to Curvature Stabilizing Lipids. Adv. Mater. 2011, 23, 2260-2270. DOI: 10.1002/adma.201004647. (Invited Progress Report; part of a Special Issue on Materials Research at the University of California, Santa Barbara) PDF  
  Zidovska, A.; Ewert, K. K.; Quispe, J.; Carragher, B.; Potter, C. S.; Safinya, C. R.: Block Liposome and Nanotube Formation is a General Phenomenon of Membranes Containing Multivalent Lipids. Soft Matter 2011, 7, 8363-8369 (cover of Sep 21 issue). DOI: 10.1039/C1SM05481C; PMCID: 3374606. MVL5 is now commercially available from Avanti Polar Lipids.
 PDF  
  Zidovska, A.; Ewert, K. K.; Quispe, J.; Carragher, B.; Potter, C. S.; Safinya, C. R.: The effect of salt and pH on block liposomes studied by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. Biochim. Biophys. Acta - Biomembranes 2009, 1788, 1869-1876. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2009.06.013; PMCID: 2740798.  
CL-NA Complexes   Zidovska, A.; Ewert, K. K.; Quispe, J.; Carragher, B.; Potter, C. S.; Safinya, C. R.: Block Liposomes: Vesicles of Charged Lipids with Distinctly Shaped Nanoscale Sphere-, Pear-, Tube-, or Rod-Segments. Meth. Enzymol. 2009, 465, 111-128. PDF  
  Zidovska, A.; Ewert, K. K.; Quispe, J.; Carragher, B.; Potter, C. S.; Safinya, C. R.: Block Liposomes from Curvature-Stabilizing Lipids: Connected Nanotubes, –rods or –spheres. Langmuir 2009, 25, 2979-2985 (cover of Mar 3 issue). PMCID: 2647992.  
    Subramanian, G.; Hjelm, R. P.; Deming, T. J.; Smith, G. S.; Li, Y.; Safinya, C. R.: Structure of complexes of cationic lipids and poly(glutamic acid) polypeptides: A pinched lamellar phase. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 26-34.
  
    Koltover, I.; Radler, J. O.; Safinya, C. R.: Membrane mediated attraction and ordered aggregation of colloidal particles bound to giant phospholipid vesicles. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1999, 82, 1991-1994.
  
    Lei, N.; Safinya, C. R.; Bruinsma, R. F.: Discrete Harmonic Model for Stacked Membranes - Theory and Experiment. J. Phys. II 1995, 5, 1155-1163. PDF  
    Chiruvolu, S.; Warriner, H. E.; Naranjo, E.; Idziak, S. H. J.; Radler, J. O.; Plano, R. J.; Zasadzinski, J. A.; Safinya, C. R.: A Phase of Liposomes with Entangled Tubular Vesicles. Science 1994, 266, 1222-1225.
  
    Schmidt, C. F.; Svoboda, K.; Lei, N.; Petsche, I. B.; Berman, L. E.; Safinya, C. R.; Grest, G. S.: Existence of a Flat Phase in Red-Cell Membrane Skeletons. Science 1993, 259, 952-954.  
    Smith, G. S.; Sirota, E. B.; Safinya, C. R.; Plano, R. J.; Clark, N. A., X-ray Structural Studies of Freely Suspended Hydrated DMPC Multimembrane Films. J. Chem. Phys. 1990, 92, 4519-4529.  
    Safinya, C. R.; Sirota, E. B.; Roux, D.; Smith, G. S., Universality in Interacting Membranes: The Effect of Cosurfactants on the interfacial Rigidity. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1989, 62, 1134-1137.  
  Rigid and Fluctuating Surfaces: A Series of Synchrotron X-ray Scattering Studies of Interacting Stacked Membranes: Safinya, C. R. in Phase Transitions in Soft Condensed Matter; Eds.: T. Riste, D. Sherrington; Plenum Press, New York and London, 1989.    
Papers on Liquid Crystals   Roux, D.; Safinya, C. R.: A Synchrotron X-ray study of Competing Undulation and Electrostatic Interlayer Interactions in Fluid Multimembrane Lyotropic Phases. J. Phys. (Paris) 1988, 49, 307-318.    
  Sirota, E. B.; Smith, G. S.; Safinya, C. R.; Plano, R. J.; Clark, N. A., X-ray Scattering Studies of Aligned Stacked Surfactant Membranes. Science 1988, 242, 1406-1409.  
    Smith, G. S.; Sirota, E. B.; Safinya, C. R.; Clark, N. A., Structure of the Lß' Phase in a Hydrated Phosphatidylcholine Multimembrane. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1988, 60, 813-816.  
  Smith, G. S.; Safinya, C. R.; Roux, D.; Clark, N. A., X-ray Study of Freely Suspended Films of a Multilamellar Lipid System. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1987, 144, 235-255.    
    Safinya, C. R.; Roux, D.; Smith, G. S.; Sinha, S. K.; Dimon, P.; Clark, N. A.; Bellocq, A. M., Steric Interactions in a Model Membrane System: A Synchrotron X-ray Study. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1986, 57, 2718-2721.  
   

Others

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    Light, B. S.; Zepeda-Rosales, M.; Li, Y.; Safinya, C. R.: Forced Crowding of Colloids by Thermophoresis and Convection in a Custom Liquid Clusius–Dickel Microdevice. Langmuir 2021, 37, 675-682. DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02721. View Article for free at ACS Publications Website  
  Biophysics and Biomolecular Materials: Safinya, C. R. in New Physics for the Twenty-first Century; Ed.: G. Fraser; Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York, 2006.    
  Supramolecular Assembly in Biological Molecules: Safinya, C. R. in Forces, Growth and Form in Soft Condensed Matter: At the Interface between Physics and Biology; Eds.: A. Skjeltorp, A. V. Belushkin; Kluwer Academic Pubs., Netherlands, 2004.    
    Granick, S.; Kumar, S. K.; Amis, E. J.; Antonietti, M.; Balazs, A. C.; Chakraborty, A. K.; Grest, G. S.; Hawker, C.; Janmey, P.; Kramer, E. J.; Nuzzo, R.; Russell, T. P.; Safinya, C. R.: Macromolecules at surfaces: Research challenges and opportunities from tribology to biology. J. Polym. Sci. B 2003, 41, 2755-2793.
  
    Addadi, L.; Safinya, C. R.: Biomaterials. Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci. 1997, 2, 325-329 (editorial overview).
  
    Safinya, C. R.: Biomolecular materials: structure, interactions and higher order self-assembly. Colloids and Surfaces A-Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 1997, 128, 183-195.  
    Safinya, C. R.; Addadi, L.: Biomaterials. Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci. 1996, 1, 387-391 (editorial overview).
  
    Thomas, B. N.; Safinya, C. R.; Plano, R. J.; Clark, N. A.: Lipid Tubule Self-Assembly - Length Dependence on Cooling Rate through a First-Order Phase-Transition. Science 1995, 267, 1635-1638.
  
    Safinya, C. R.; Rothschild, K. J.: Self-Assembly and Protein Stability - Reply. Nature 1994, 370, 105-106.  
    Balsara, N. P.; Perahia, D.; Safinya, C. R.; Tirrell, M.; Lodge, T. P.: Birefringence Detection of the Order-to-Disorder Transition in Block Copolymer Liquids. Macromolecules 1992, 25, 3896-3901.
  
    Shen, Y.; Safinya, C. R.; Fetters, L.; Adam, M.; Witten, T.; Hadjichristidis, N., Macrolattice Formation in Amorphous Associating Polymers. Phys. Rev. A 1991, 43, 1886-1891.  
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